Timeline of the Holocaust

1933
January 30:
Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany
March 22:
Dachau concentration camp is opened
April 1:
Boycott of all Jewish shops and businesses
May 10:
Public burning of books written by Jews or anyone not approved by the state
1935
September 15:
Nuremberg Laws enacted
1936
March 3:
Jewish doctors barred from practicing medicine in German institutions
1938
March 13:
Anschluss: annexation of Austria by Germany
November 9-10:
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)
November 15:
All Jewish students expelled from German schools
1939
September 1:
Beginning of World War II: Germany invades Poland
October 12:
Germany begins deportation of Austrian and Czech Jews to Poland
October 27th:
First Polish ghetto established in Piotrków
November 23:
Jews in German-occupied Poland required to wear an armband or yellow star
1940
May 7:
Łódź Ghetto sealed; 164,000 people in 1.6 square miles
May 20:
Concentration camp established at Auschwitz
November 16:
Warsaw Ghetto sealed; ultimately, it contained 500,000 people
1941
February 1:
German authorities begin rounding up Polish Jews for transfer to Warsaw Ghetto
July 31:
Heydrich appointed by Göring to implement the ‘Final Solution’
September 1:
German Jews required to wear yellow star of David with the word ‘Jude’
September 28-29:
33,000 Jews massacred at Babi Yar outside Kiev
October:
Establishment of Auschwitz II Birkenau
December 8:
Chelmno extermination camp begins operations
1942
January 20:
Wannsee Conference in Berlin: Heydrich outlines plan to murder Europe’s Jews
March 17:
Extermination begins in Belzec
May:
Extermination by gas begins in Sobibor killing centre
July 22:
Germans establish Treblinka concentration camp
Summer:
Deportation of Jews from Belgium, Croatia, France, the Netherlands and Poland
Winter:
Deportation of Jews from Germany, Greece, Poland and Norway
1943
April 19:
Warsaw Ghetto uprising begins
May 16:
Liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto
June:
Liquidation of all ghettos in Poland and the Soviet Union
October:
Liquidation of large ghettos in Minsk, Vilna and Riga
1944
March 19:
Germany occupies Hungary
May 15:
Nazis begin deporting Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz
June 6:
D-Day: Allied invasion in Normandy
Spring/Summer:
Red Army repels Nazi forces
July 24:
Russians liberate Majdanek killing centre
November 8:
Beginning of death marches
1945
January 27:
Red Army liberates Auschwitz 10 days after the enforced death march
April 30:
Hitler takes his own life
May 8:
VE Day: Germany surrenders; End of Third Reich

END